CLINICAL RESEARCH USING THE NTRAINER™ ON PRETERM INFANT POPULATION
Patterned frequency-modulated oral stimulation (PFOS) in preterm infants: A multicenter randomized controlled trial. Song D, Jegatheesan P, Nafday S, Ahmad KA, Nedrelow J, Wearden M, et al. (2019). PLoS ONE 14(2): e0212675. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212675
Patterned orocutaneous therapy improves sucking and oral feeding in preterm infants. Poore, M. A., Zimmerman, E., Barlow, S. M., Wang, J., & Gu, F. (2008). Acta Paediatrica, 97(7), 920–927. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00825.x
Synthetic orocutaneous stimulation entrains suck in preterm infants with feeding difficulties to suck. Barlow SM, Finan DS, Lee J, & Chu S. (2008). J Perinatol;28(8):541-8. DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.57
Amplitude-integrated EEG and range-EEG modulation associated with pneumatic orocutaneous stimulation in preterm infants. Barlow, S., Jegatheesan, P., Weiss, S. et al. (2014). J Perinatol 34, 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2013.150
Modulation of EEG spectral edge frequency during patterned pneumatic oral stimulation in preterm infants. Song D, Jegatheesan P, Weiss S, et al. (2014). Pediatr Res. 75:85-92. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2013.179
Implementation of the NTrainer System into clinical practice targeting neurodevelopment of pre-oral skills and parental involvement. Soos, A, & Hammer, A (2015). Newborn and Infant Nursing Reviews, 15, 2, 46-48. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.nainr.2015.04.012
CLINICAL RESEARCH USING THE NTRAINER™ IN SPECIFIC NEONATAL POPULATIONS
Frequency-modulated orocutaneous stimulation promotes non-nutritive suck development in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome or chronic lung disease. Barlow, S. M., Lee, J., Wang, J., Oder, A., Hall, S., Knox, K., Weatherstone, K., & Thompson, D. (2013). Journal of Perinatology, 34(2), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2013.149
Effects of Oral Stimulus Frequency Spectra on the Development of Non-nutritive Suck in Preterm Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome or Chronic Lung Disease, and Preterm Infants of Diabetic Mothers. Barlow, S. M., Lee, J., Wang, J., Oder, A., Oh, H., Hall, S., Knox, K., Weatherstone, K.,Thompson, D. (2014). Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 20(4), 178–188. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2013.149
Respiratory Distress Syndrome Degrades the Fine Structure of the Non-Nutritive Suck In Preterm Infants. Stumm, S; Barlow, S M.; Estep, M; Lee, J; Cannon, S; Carlson, J; and Finan, D, (2008). Special Education and Communication Disorders Faculty Publications. 138. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/specedfacpub/138
Respiratory Distress Syndrome history predicts suck spatiotemporal index in preterm infants. Poore M, Barlow SM, Wang J, Estep M, Lee J. (2008b). J Neonatal Nursing, 14, 185-192. PMID:19956344. DOI: 10.1016/j.jnn.2008.07.006
Frequency modulation (FM) and spatiotemporal stability of the sCPG in preterm infants with RDS. Barlow SM, Urish M, Venkatesan L, Harold M, & Zimmerman E. (2012). Int J Pediatrics, vol. 2012, Article ID 581538, 9 pages, PMID: 22888359. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/581538
FOUNDATIONAL RESEARCH TO DEVELOP THE NTRAINER™
Spectral features of non-nutritive suck dynamics in extremely preterm infants (2023). Barlow SM, Liao C, Lee J, Kim S, Maron JL, Song D, Jegatheesan P, Govindaswami B, Wilson BJ, Bhakta K, Cleary JP. Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China). Aug 8;6. doi: 10.21037/pm-21-91
Synthetic orocutaneous stimulation entrains suck in preterm infants with feeding difficulties to suck. Barlow SM, Finan DS, Lee J, & Chu S. (2008). J Perinatol;28(8):541-8. DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.57
Short-term effects of pacifier texture on NNS in neurotypical infants. Oder A, Stalling D, Barlow SM. (2013). Int J Pediatrics, 2013:168459. doi: 10.1155/2013/168459. PMID: 23737804. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/168459
Pacifier stiffness alters the dynamics of the suck central pattern generator. Zimmerman E, Barlow S, Seibel L, Poore M, Stumm S, Estep M, et al. (2008). Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 14;3. 79-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2007.12.013
Neurophysiological monitoring of the orofacial system in premature and term infants. Barlow SM, Dusick A, Finan DS, Biswas A, Coltart S & Flaherty KJ. (2000). J Med Speech-Language Path, 8(4), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199904020-02018
Intrinsic dynamics and mechanosensory modulation of non-nutritive sucking in human infants. Finan DS, Barlow SM. (1998). Early Hum Dev. 52:2, 181-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-3782(98)00029-2
Automatic non-nutritive suck waveform discrimination and feature extraction in preterm infants. Liao, C., Rosner, A.O., Maron, J.L., Song, D., & Barlow, S.M. (2019). Computational and Mathematical Methods In Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/7496591
Spectral Dynamics of NonNutritive Suck in Preterm Infants. Seibel L, Barlow SM, Vantipalli R, Finan D, Urish M, Cannon S, Carlson J. (2005). Society Pediatric Research, 2139. http://www2.ku.edu/~cnl/presentations/Seibel_Poster.pdf
PUBLISHED REVIEWS ABOUT THE SCIENCE AND PURPOSE BEHIND THE NTRAINER™
Oral and respiratory control for preterm feeding. Barlow SM. (2009a). Curr Opinion in Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 17: 179-186. PMID: 19369871 87. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b36fe
Central pattern generation involved in oral and respiratory control for feeding in the term infant. Barlow SM. (2009b). Curr Opinion in Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery, 17: 187-193. PMID: 19417662. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e32832b312a
Mechanically evoked perioral reflexes in premature and term human infants. Barlow, S.M., Dusick, A., Finan, D.S., Coltart, S., Biswas, A. (2001). Brain Research, 899, 251-254. PMID: 11311887. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02239-9
Central Pattern Generation and the Motor Infrastructure for Suck, Respiration, and Speech. Barlow SM, Estep M. (2006). J Communication Disorders, 39, 366-380. PMID: 16876186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2006.06.011
The connectivity of orofacial systems. Estep M, Barlow SM. (2009). Perspectives in Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders – SID 5. 19(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.1044/ssod19.1.28
Suck predicts neuromotor integrity and developmental outcomes. Poore MA, Barlow SM. (2009). Perspectives in Speech Science and Orofacial Disorders – SID 5. 19(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1044/ssod19.1.44
Individualizing oral feeding assessment and therapies in the newborn. Azuma, D., & Maron, J. L. (2020). Research and Reports in Neonatology, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRN.S223472